迫害ã匟å§ããããšãåŸæããŠäžãã(ç¬)
ãïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãéŠéœã«ããŒã«ãã¿ãªãã³ãå¶å§ããç±³åœãäžå¿ãšããåœé瀟äŒãæ¯æŽããŠããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã å ±ååœãäºå®äžåŽ©å£ãããç±³åœãæ¯æŽããã¬ãæ¿æš©ã厩å£ããåé¡ãããã£ãŠããã€ãã³æ¿æš©ã¯åœå å€ããæ¹å€ã«ãããããŠãããïŒïŒïŒïŒäººè¿ãå µå£«ã®åœã倱ããïŒå ãã«ä»¥äžã®æŠè²»ãè²»ãããŠããã«ãããããããç±³åæå€çºããããïŒïŒå¹ŽãšãªãïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãä»æµã¿ãªãã³ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãåã³æ¯é äžã«çœ®ããç¶æ ã§è¿ããããšã«ãªãããã§ããã
ãã¿ãªãã³ã®é»æçãªã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³å¶å§ã¯ããããã æŠäºæ«æã®ãµã€ãŽã³é¥èœã®èšæ¶ãèããããç±³åœã®åœéçãªã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯å°ã«èœã¡ãããšãããæ¥æ¬ã§ããèªåœã®é²è¡ãç±³åœã«å§ããæ¥æ¬ã察岞ã®ç«äºã§ã¯ãªãããšããå±æ©æãé«ãŸã£ãŠããã
ãåœé瀟äŒã®çŒçœã¶ããå°»ç®ã«äžåœæ¿åºã¯ãç±³åœã®å€äº€æ¿çã®å€±æ ã«ä¹ããŠãç±³åœã¯èªå·±ã®å©çã®ããåçåœãèŠæšãŠãä¿¡é Œã§ããªãããŒãããŒã ããšã®å®£äŒæŠãå±éããŠããããç±³è»æ€åã«ããäžåœã巚倧çµæžåæ§æ³ãäžåž¯äžè·¯ããããã«æ¡å€§ãããã£ã³ã¹ãå°æ¥ããããšããè«èª¿ãåºãŠããããæãããŠããã ãããã
äžåœã«ãšã£ãŠå®å šä¿éäžã®èª²é¡
ãæ¿æ²»çã«å€§ããªä»£åãæãããšãèŠæããŠã§ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãšããé·å¹Žã®äžè¯è³ç£ããæåããããã®ã¯ãç±³åœæ¿åºãã€ã³ã倪平æŽå°åã«æ¬æ Œçã«é¢äžããããšããææã®è¡šãã§ãããç±³è»ãé·å¹Žã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã®æ²»å®ãæ ã£ãŠããããšã§ãäžåœãã¯ããè¿é£è«žåœã¯ãã®æ©æµã«æµŽããŠãããããã®å®å šè£ 眮ãçªç¶ãªããªã£ãŠããŸã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã®é£åœã§ããäžåœã«ãšã£ãŠãå°æ¥ã®æŠç¥çå©çããããã¿ãªãã³ã®çªç¶ã®åŸ©æš©ã«ããå®å šä¿éäžã®èª²é¡ã®ã»ããã¯ããã«å€§ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã
ãäžåœåœå ã®äžè«ã¯åœåãç±³åœã®æèµ°ããå²ç¬ããã ãŒããæ¯é ããŠãããããã®åŸãã¿ãªãã³èŠæè«ããåŽåºãå§ããŠãããäžåœæ¿åºã¯ïŒæïŒïŒæ¥ãã¿ãªãã³ã®ãã³ããŒïŒã§ãããã©ãã«æ°ãæãããã®é¢ä¿ã®è¯å¥œããã¢ããŒã«ããŠããããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«æœåšããæ±ãã«ãã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ã éåïŒïŒ¥ïŒŽïŒ©ïŒïŒãåä¹ãæŠè£ ã°ã«ãŒãã®ååã«ç¥çµãå°ãããŠããããšã¯ééããªãã
ãåœå ã®åŒŸå§ãéããŠã¿ãªãã³ã®äžã«ãã£ãŠããäžåœæ°çãŠã€ã°ã«èªæ²»åºã®è¥è ã®æ°ã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒïŒäººãå æŠãç¶ãã·ãªã¢ãªã©ã§ãå®æŠçµéšã磚ããŠãããšããããŠãããç±³åœæ¿åºã¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹Žã«ïŒ¥ïŒŽïŒ©ïŒãããçµç¹ã«æå®ããããæšå¹Žãã®æå®ã解é€ããŠããã
ãïŒã®ã¡ã³ããŒãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãšã®åœå¢ããããæããŠåœå ã§ãããè¡ãããšãæããäžåœæ¿åºã¯ãã¿ãªãã³ãããïŒãšã®é¢ä¿ã絶ã¡ãåå¢åãæ°çãŠã€ã°ã«èªæ²»åºã«æ»ãããšãé»æ¢ããããšã®èšè³ªãåã£ãŠããããã¿ãªãã³ããã®çŽæãå®ãããšãã§ãããšã¯æããªãã
ãã¿ãªãã³ã¯åœå匷硬姿å¢ãæ§ããããç©å¥ãªã€ã¡ãŒãžã®æ§ç¯ã«åªããŠããããåŸã ã«ãã®æ¬æ§ãããããå§ããŠãããã¿ãªãã³ã«ãšã£ãŠèª€ç®ã ã£ãã®ã¯ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³æ¿åºã®çŽïŒïŒåãã«ã®å€è²šæºåãæã«å ¥ããããšãã§ããªãã£ãããšã§ãããååœã®å€è²šæºåã®å€§åã¯æµ·å€ã®å£åº§ã«é èšãããŠãããã¿ãªãã³ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããã®ã¯å šäœã®ïŒïŒïŒããŒã»ã³ã以äžã«ãããªããšããã
ãåå©ã«è²¢ç®ããå µå£«ãžã®æ©è³ã«äºæ¬ ãã°ããããæ¿åºãéè¡ã«ååãªãã«ãäŸçµŠã§ããªãããšãããé貚ã¢ãã¬ããæ¥èœãé£åäŸ¡æ Œãªã©ãé«éš°ããäºæ ã«ãªãã€ã€ãããè³éäžè¶³ã®ãªãã§ã¿ãªãã³å µãã麻è¬ã®åæã§ããã±ã·ã®æ œå¹ã«èµ°ããäœæ°ãžã®ç¥å¥ªãæŽè¡ãæ¬æ Œåãããã°ãåã³åœé瀟äŒããèŠæŸãããŠããŸãã ããã
ãããããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«ã¯è¿ä»£çãªæå³ã§ã®ãåœããæç«ããæ¿æ²»é¢šåããªããæŠåœæ代ã®æ¥æ¬ã®ããã«è«žå¢åãåç«ããç¶æ ã«ãããå€éšãã匷åã«æ¯æŽããŠäžå€®æ¿åºãã€ãã£ããšããŠãåœå šäœã統治ã§ããªãããšã¯ç±³åœã®ïŒïŒå¹Žã«åã¶çµ±æ²»ãæããŠãããã
äžåœã«ãšã£ãŠæå¶ã®ãããªã¹ã
ããããªã¹ãã«ãšã£ãŠåç±³ãšããã¹ããŒã¬ã³ã¯ãã¯ãæ代åŸãã§ããããšã®ææããããã¢ã©ãéŠé·åœé£éŠïŒïŒµïŒ¡ïŒ¥ïŒãªã©ã®ã¢ã©ãè«žåœãšã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ãšã®éã§åœäº€ãæš¹ç«ããçŸåšããåç±³ãã¯ã¢ã©ãã®å¯è±ªãããã掻åè³éãåŒãåºãããéŠã®åŸ¡æãã§ã¯ãªããªã£ãŠããããã€ãŠã®ããã«ã¿ãªãã³ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãå¶å§ãããããšãã£ãŠããã ã¡ã«ãããªã¹ããç±³åœã«æŒãå¯ããããã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã
ãé¢åãæšãŠãç±³åœãã¿ãªãã³ãšç§å¯è£ã«å解ãããããªããšã«ãªãã°ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«æœåšãããããªã¹ããæããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯äžåœãšããããšã«ãªããã¿ãªãã³ã®éŠè³éšã¯äžåœã®æåã«åŸããã¶ãã瀺ããŠããããäžåœã§ç掻ãããŠã€ã°ã«äººãã¡ãžã®å§æ¿ãçéããã°ãã€ã¹ã©ã åç䞻矩ãæšæŠããååšæ矩ããããããªããçåã®è¡ã§ããã¿ãªãã³ã®äžå€®ã®æ什ãæ«ç«¯ãŸã§åŸ¹åºããããšããä¿èšŒããªãã
ãç±³ãã¯ã€ãããŠã¹ã¯ïŒïŒæ¥ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³æ¿åºã«æ¯æŽããæŠåšãªã©ã®çžåœæ°ãã¿ãªãã³ã®æã«æž¡ã£ãããšãèªãããã«ãã«å°ã£ãã¿ãªãã³å µãææ°éã®ç±³åœè£œå µåšãïŒã®ã¡ã³ããŒã«æšªæµãããã°ãäžåœã«ãšã£ãŠæå¶ã®ãããªã¹ããèªçããããšã«ãªããäžåœäººæ°è§£æŸè»ã¯ïŒïŒæ¥ãããã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³é å ã§ååœè»ãšå ±ã«ã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ããã®ãããªã¹ãæœå ¥ãé²ãããã®è»äºæŒç¿ãéå§ãããã¿ãžãã¹ã¿ã³ã«ã¯ãã·ã¢è»ãé§çããŠãããäžåœã®è»éãååœå ã§æŒç¿ãè¡ãã®ã¯æ¥µããŠç°äŸã®ããšã§ãããäžåœããæ··ä¹±ã®ç¢é¢ã«ç«ããããŠããããšããå±æ©æèãæã£ãŠããããšã®èšŒå·Šã§ãããã
ããµã€ãŽã³é¥èœã¯ç±³åœæ代ã®çµããããšå¯ããŠããæ§ãœé£ã ã£ãããïŒïŒå¹ŽåŸã«åŽ©å£ããã®ã¯èªãã ã£ãããã倧åœã®å¢å Žãã§ããã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ã«æŽŸå µããªãããšããäžåœã ããè±åœãæ§ãœé£ãç±³åœãšåæ§ã®å€±æãç¹°ãè¿ãã®ã¯æéã®åé¡ãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã
ïŒæïŒè€å圊ïŒçµæžç£æ¥ç 究æã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°ãã§ããŒïŒ
âè€å圊ïŒçµæžç£æ¥ç 究æã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°ãã§ããŒ
1984幎ãéåç£æ¥çå ¥ç
1991幎ããã€ãçåŠïŒJETROç ä¿®çïŒ
1996幎ãèŠå¯åºãžåºåïŒå²©æçèŠèŠåéšé·ïŒ
1998幎ãç³æ²¹å ¬å£ãžåºåïŒåèèšç»èª²é·ãç·å課é·ïŒ
2003幎ãå é£å®æ¿ãžåºåïŒå é£æ å ±èª¿æ»å®€å é£åäºå®ãå é£æ å ±åæå®ïŒ
2011幎ãå ¬ç財å£æ³äººäžçå¹³åç 究æãžåºåïŒäž»ä»»ç 究å¡ïŒ
2016幎ãçµæžç£æ¥ç 究æäžåžç 究å¡
2021幎ãçŸè·