äœè³çäœè³åžã®ç¥éå
¬åå
ã«ããæ±è€æ°å¹³ã®åãååå
ã«ã¯ãæ±è€ãä»ããè¥åäœè³è©ç¬¬10代è©äž»ã»é島çŽæ£ã®å¥éžã«ãã£ãè¶å®€ã埩å
ãããéæäºããªã©ããããïŒåçïŒã¢ããªãšãµã©ïŒã¢ããïŒãææ²»ç¶æ°ã®ç«åœ¹è
ã®ã²ãšããæ±è€æ°å¹³ïŒ1834ã1874幎ïŒã®äººçããã©ã£ãŠãããšã圌ã®ççé¢ç®ããäžéãã«èº«ã®åŒãããŸãæããæãããšãšãã«ã圌ã®æ²åã¯ããããèªèº«ã®ç¹æ§ãšåŒ·ãé¢é£ããŠããããã«æãããããæ°å¹³ã¯å»èŠåå±ããšçŽæ
çãªè¡åã«ãã£ãŠæ°æ¿åºã®éé®ã«ãŸã§äžãã€ãããã倧ä¹
ä¿å©éãã«ããæ¿æ²»çãªé§ãåŒãã®ãªãã§æè
ãšãªããåéè
ãšããŠã®ææãéããã«è³ã£ãã
ã以äžã®èšè¿°ã¯ãæè°·æãæ±è€æ°å¹³ãïŒåå·åŒæ通ïŒãæ± æŸçŸæŸãæçŒãã®äžç¬è¡éãïŒäœè³æ°è瀟ïŒãªã©ã®è³æã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ããã
ãæ±è€ã¯äœè³è©ã®è©å£«ã§ã倩ä¿5ïŒ1834ïŒå¹Ž2æ9æ¥ã®çãŸãã§ããã圌ã¯ãç¶æ°ã®ååããäœè³ã®äžè³¢äººãã«ãæããããææ²»ç¶æ°ã®äžå¿äººç©ã®ã²ãšãã§ãææ²»æ¿åºã®å代åžæ³å¿ïŒçŸåšã®æ³å倧è£ïŒãåããæ³æ²»åœå®¶ãšããŠã®åºç€ãå®ãã人ç©ã§ããã
ãæ±è€ã®ç¶èŠªã¯èº«åã®äœãæŠå£«ã§ãè·åæ æ
¢ãšãããŠè·ã解ãããããšããããæ°å¹³ãã¡ã®ç掻ã¯çª®ä¹ããŠãããç¶èŠªã¯ãè©ã®è·åããã矩倪倫ãªã©ã®èžäºãé楜ã«å
¥ããã人ã ã£ããæ±è€å®¶ã®å®¶èšã¯æ¯ãæ¯ããŠããŠãç¶ãè·ã倱ã£ãææã«ã¯ãæ¯ã寺åå±ã®æå£ã«ç«ã£ãŠããã
ããã®ãããªå®¶åºã®ãªãã§ãæ°å¹³ã¯æ¯ã®æãã«ãããã£ãŠå匷ã ãã«ç±äžããããã€ããç²æãã§ãèªåã®ãªããµãã«ããŸãããšã¯ãªãã£ããåŸæ¥ãæžç©ãæã«ããŠèªã¿ãªããéãéããã®ã§ããç人ãæ±ããããããšããã£ãã
ãåæ°žå
ïŒ1848ïŒå¹Žãæ°å¹³ã¯äœè³è©ã®è©æ ¡ãåŒé通ãžå
¥åŠãããæ瞟ã¯åªç§ã ã£ãããã®åŸã¯è©æ ¡ã®æåž«ãããŠããæåç¥éœïŒãã ããã»ããããïŒã®ç§å¡Ÿã«åŠã³ãç¥éãå°çææ³ã«åœ±é¿ãåãããåæ°ž3ïŒ1850ïŒå¹Žã«ã¯æåç¥éœãçµæããã矩ç¥åçãã«ã倧ééä¿¡ãå¯å³¶çš®è£ïŒããããŸã»ãããã¿ïŒããšãšãã«åå ãããŠããã
ãå€åœè¹ãã²ãã±ãã«æ¥èªããåœæã®æ¿æ²»ç¶æ³ã«åœ±é¿ãããå®æ¿3ïŒ1856ïŒå¹Žã«ã¯éåœã®å¿
èŠæ§ã説ãããå³æµ·çããå·çããããã®åŸæ°å¹³ã¯ãäœè³è©ã®æŽåŒç ²è¡ã貿æé¢ä¿ã®åœ¹è·ãåããŠããã
æ¡å°äºéãå§å°è·¯å
¬ç¥ããšäº€æµããå°çææ³ãžåŸããæ±è€æ°å¹³
ãæä¹
2ïŒ1862ïŒå¹Žãæ°å¹³ã¯è±è©ããŠäº¬éœã§æŽ»åããé·å·è©å£«ã®æ¡å°äºéïŒæšæžåå
ïŒãå
¬å®¶ã®å§å°è·¯å
¬ç¥ïŒããããããã»ãããšãïŒããšäº€åãæã£ãããã®æ°å¹³ã®è¡åã¯ãäœè³è©ã®å®åãšããŠè©æ¿æ¹é©ã«åãçµãã§ãããã®ã®æãããã«äºæ
ãé²ãŸãªãããšã«çŠããèŠããããšãåå ã§ãã£ãããã§ããããã®æç¹ã§æ°å¹³ãæ確ã«ãåå¹ãã«åŸããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããããå°çããäž»ãªã¹ããŒã¬ã³ãšããŠäžå€®ã«æŽ»è·¯ãæ±ããæ¹é©ãäŒãŠãããšããã®ã ã£ãã
ãæ°å¹³ã¯äº¬éœã§å
¬å®¶ãåè©ã®å¿å£«ãšæ¥è§Šããäœè³è©ã®åå¿ãšãšãã«ãè©äž»ã»é島çŽæ£ïŒãªã¹ããŸã»ãªããŸãïŒãåãããŠæ¹é©ã®äž»å°æš©ãæ¡ãããšãç»çããŠãããããã®è©Šã¿ã¯äžçºã«çµãã£ãã
ããããŠåž°é·ããæ°å¹³ã¯ãéåžžã¯æ»çœªãšãªããšããã圌ã®èœåãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããè©äž»ã®è£éã«ãã£ãŠãæ°žèå±
ïŒç¡æ謹æ
ïŒã«çœªã軜æžãããŠãããèå±
äžã®ç掻ã¯èŠããã£ãããæ¿æ²»æŽ»åã¯ç¶ç¶ããŠãããåœæã®å¿å¢ãæ°å¹³ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
å±±äžéè©
ã箪äžã«é£ãªããå¢ã«éãªã
ã劻ã¯ç
ã¿ãå
ã¯åããæ¢
éšã®å€©
ãå¯ãè
°åãèã¯ããã矩åãéŒã
ãæºå±±ã®èæšãåç¶ãã
æ±è€ãä»ããè¥åäœè³è©ç¬¬10代è©äž»ã»é島çŽæ£ãïŒç»åã¯WikipediaããïŒ
1874幎ïŒææ²»7幎ïŒ2æã«æ±è€æ°å¹³ã»å³¶çŸ©åãããªãŒããŒãšããŠäœè³ã§èµ·ãã£ããææ²»æ¿åºã«å¯Ÿãã士æåä¹±ã®ã²ãšã€ãæ°å¹³ã¯æçžãããæ£åŒãªè£å€ãè¡ãããããšãªãåŠåããããïŒç»åã¯æ岡è³å¹Žã«ããæµ®äžçµµãçåœäžæ°èŠèèªãäœè³ã®äºä»¶ããWikipediaããïŒåæµ·èã¯æ±è€æ°å¹³ãããè©ããããæ±è€ã¯é©ããæç©ã ããããªããªããŠå±
ã£ãŠãå®ã«å±ãªãã
ã1867幎ãæ±æžå¹åº15代å°è»ã»åŸ³å·æ
¶åã«ãã£ãŠå€§æ¿å¥éãè¡ãããæ±æžå¹åºãæ»
ã¶ãšãšãã«ãæ°å¹³ã¯èå±
ã解ãããŠé¡ç®ä»ãšããŠåŸ©åž°ããã1868幎1æãçæ¿åŸ©å€ã®å€§å·ä»€ãå±ããããŠææ²»ã®æ°æ¿åºãèªçããäœè³è©ããã¯æ°å¹³ãå¯å³¶çš®è£ãšãšãã«äº¬éœã«æŽŸé£ãããã
ãå幎å§ãŸã£ãæ蟰æŠäºã«ãããŠã¯ãæ°å¹³ã¯æ±åŸå€§ç·ç£åºè»ç£ã«ä»»åœãããåäœè©å£«ã®å°ç¬ åå¯å
«ïŒãããããã»ãã ã¯ã¡ïŒãšãšãã«æ±æžã«åãã£ããæ°å¹³ã¯å²©åå
·èŠã«å¯ŸããŠæ±æžãæ±äº¬ãšæ¹ç§°ãã¹ãããšãç®èšããæ§å¹è£ããäžå¿ãšãã地矩éãšã®æŠãã®åæŸã«åœãã£ãã
ãæ蟰æŠäºã®åŸãæ°å¹³ã¯æ°æ¿åºãèšçœ®ããæ±æžé®å°ã«ãããŠã6人ã®å€äºã®1人ãšããŠäŒèšå±å€äºã«ä»»åœãããæ°æ¿ãäŒèšã財æ¿ãéœåžåé¡ãªã©ãæ
åœããã7æã«ã¯æ±æžãæ±äº¬éœæ¹ç§°ããããã®åŸæ治倩çãè¡å¹žããã
ããã®åŸæ°å¹³ã¯äžæçã«äœè³ã«åž°é·ããŠç座ïŒæºå®¶èïŒãšããŠè©æ¿æ¹é©ã«ããã£ãŠããããåã³äžå€®ã«åŒã³æ»ããããããã§ã¯ã倪æ¿å®äžåŒãå¶åºŠå調å°åã®åœ¹è·ã«ä»»åœãããåœå®¶æ©æ§ã®æŽåã«åŸäºãããæ°å¹³ã®ç®æšã¯ãè¿ä»£çãªäžå€®éæš©åœå®¶ã®åµèšã ã£ãã
ãããã«ææ²»4幎ã«ã¯æéšå€§èŒïŒçŸåšã®æ¬¡å®ã«çžåœïŒãå·Šé¢å¯è°é·ãªã©ãåããæ°ããæ¿æ²»ãè¡æ¿ã®ç¢ºç«ã«åã泚ãã§ãããããã«åžæ³å¿ïŒçŸåšã®æ³å倧è£ïŒã«å°±ä»»ããæ¥æ¬ã®åžæ³å¶åºŠãèŠå¯å¶åºŠã®åµèšã確ç«ã«åããã
ããããåœæã®æ¿æ²»ç¶æ³ã¯è©æ©ãé·å·è©åºèº«è
ãäžå¿ãšããè©é¥æ¿æ²»ãäž»æµã§ããããéæãªç±æ
家ãã§ããæ°å¹³ã®çæ³äž»çŸ©çãªæ¿çãšã¶ã€ããããšãçãããªãã£ãããã§ãããåé ã«æãããæ±è€æ°å¹³ãã®æè°·æã¯ãæ°å¹³ã次ã®ããã«è©ããŠããã
ã西é·ã®ãããªç¥çµã®å€ªããã倧éã倧ä¹
ä¿ã®ãããªç¡çŸããæã¡åãããªãã£ããé ã®ããã©ããè°è«å¥œããªãããŒãã«ã«ã€ãåžžã«æŽé£ãåãã§ããé幎æ¿æ²»å®¶ã§ãã£ãã
ãããã«åæ代ã®èšŒèšãå ããŠããã
ãäœè³è©å£«ã§ããæ°å¹³ãšè¡åãå
±ã«ããŠããå¯å³¶çš®è£ã¯ãæ°å¹³ããæ°éååå¥åä¹å£«ããšããŠãæ°éªšã¯ããã颚å€ãããªè±ªåãšè©ããŠããããŸãå
å¹è£ã§æ±æžåã®ç¡è¡éåããããããåæµ·èã¯ããæ±è€ã¯é©ããæç©ã ããããªããªããŠå±
ã£ãŠãå®ã«å±ãªãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ããã®ãããªè©äŸ¡ã¯ãã¿ããã確ç«ããåžæ³å¶åºŠãæ°å¹³ãå³æ Œã«éçšããææ²»5幎ã«èµ·ãããå±±åå±äºä»¶ããªã©ã«ãããŠé·å·ãè©æ©åºèº«ã®åœ¹äººãã¡ã®äžæ£ãå³ããåŠçœ°ããããšã«ãèµ·å ããŠããããã§ããã
æ±è€æ°å¹³ãè¬ãå»ããã倧ä¹
ä¿å©éã«ãã£ãŠããäœè³ã®ä¹±ããžãšè¿œã蟌ãŸãåŠåããã
ããããããææ²»6幎ã®æ¿å€ãã§ãæ°å¹³ã¯å€§ä¹
ä¿ããšå¯Ÿç«ãã西é·éçãšãšãã«ãäžå€®æ¿åºã®åœ¹è·ãèŸãéã«äžã£ãããã®æ¿å€ã¯ããåŸéè«ãã«é¢ãã察ç«ããã£ãããšãªã£ãŠãããšèª¬æãããããšãå€ãããå®éã®ãšããã¯è¥¿é·ã«ãæé®®ã«åºå
µããæå¿ã¯ãªãã倧ä¹
ä¿ãã«ããå察掟ã®ç²æž
ãšããåŽé¢ã倧ããããã§ãããç¹ã«å€§ä¹
ä¿ã®æ±è€æ°å¹³ã«å¯ŸããæµæŸå¿ã¯åŒ·çãªãã®ããã£ãã
ãææ²»7幎ãæ°å¹³ã¯æ±äº¬ãé¢ããŠäœè³ã«åãã£ããããã¯äžå¹³å£«æããªã ããããšãç®çã ã£ããããã圌ã¯æé®®å島ãžé²åºããã®å
éãåãããšäž»åŒµããŠãããåŸéå
ãã®å
éŠã«ç¥ãäžããããæãã ããã§ã¯ãªãæŠä¹±ã®éŠè¬è
ãšãããŠããŸã£ãã
ãæ°å¹³ãæ±äº¬ããäœè³ã«æž¡ã£ãããšã確èªãããšã倧ä¹
ä¿ã¯åšå²ã®ãå®è»ããçµç¹ããã¿ãããäœè³ã«äŸµæ»ããããããŠå®è»ã«ãã£ãŠãªãã°æå³çã«æŠä¹±ã¯éå§ããããããŠããã¯ãäœè³ã®ä¹±ããšåŒã°ãã倧èŠæš¡ãªæŠãã«ãŸã§æ¡å€§ããŠããŸã£ãã
ããã®æŠä¹±ã«ãããŠãå®è»ã®è»åã¯å§åçã ã£ããåä¹±è»ã¯çæã®æŠéã§çŠè§£ããæ°å¹³ãé亡ãã¯ããããŸããªãæçžãããããããŠæ£åŒãªè£å€ãè¡ãããããšãªããåŠåãããã®ã§ãã£ãã倧ä¹
ä¿ã¯æ±è€ã®åŠåãæ¥ããåŠåãè¡ããªãããã«ãšãã岩åå
·èŠããã®æçŽãç¡èŠããã
ãæ± æŸçŸæŸã¯ãäœè³ã®ä¹±ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãŸãšããŠããã
ã倧ä¹
ä¿ã®ããšãžãæ±è€æçžãã®å ±ãå±ããã®ã¯åæäºæ¥ã§ãã£ãã圌ã¯ãããã以äžã®åã³ã¯ãªãããšèšã£ãŠå²©æããšçãéããã
ã倧ä¹
ä¿ã®ãã®ãããªææŸãã®åã³ããããããŠãã圌ã¯ãã åã«äœè³å£«æã®æŽçºãé®å§ããããã«å
µãåºããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ±è€ãçãããŠããããèœåçã«å£ãèªåã®ç«å Žãå±ãªããªããšç¥ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæ±è€ãšããæ¿æµãè¬ãããã«ä»çµãã ãšããããšããããã®ã§ãããïŒæ± æŸçŸæŸãæçŒãã®äžç¬è¡éãäœè³æ°è瀟ïŒ
ææ²»ç¶æ°ã®å
å²ã»å€§ä¹
ä¿å©éã西é·éçãæšæžåå
ãšäžŠãã§ãç¶æ°ã®äžåããšç§°ããããäœè³ã®ä¹±ã¯ãæ±è€ãšããæ¿æµãè¬ãããã«å€§ä¹
ä¿ãä»çµãã ããšãªã®ãããããªããïŒç»åã¯WikipediaããïŒ
ãç¶æ°ã®ååãããäœè³ã®äžè³¢äººãã®ã²ãšãã«æããããæ±è€æ°å¹³ãå»èŠåå±ããšçŽæ
çãªè¡åã«ãã£ãŠæ°æ¿åºã®éé®ã«ãŸã§äžãã€ãããã倧ä¹
ä¿å©éãã«ããæ¿æ²»çãªé§ãåŒãã®ãªãã§âæè
âãšãªããåéè
ãšããŠã®ææãéããã«è³ã£ããïŒç»åã¯WikipediaããïŒæ±è€æ°å¹³ã¯ADHDïŒæ³šææ¬ åŠå€åæ§é害ïŒã®ç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
ãæ±è€æ°å¹³ã®ç涯ããã®ããã«ãã©ã£ãŠã¿ããšãå¹åºåŽã®äººç©ã§ããããæ°å¹³ã«ã¯æ¬é£èŒã§ä»¥ååãäžããå°æ äžéä»ïŒã粟ç¥ç§å»ãåæããå°æ äžéä»ïŒADHD説âŠæèœã«ããŠå²æ
¢ãç涯ã«70åäœã®éæ Œã»çœ·å
ãïŒãšã®å
±éç¹ãå€ãããšã«æ°ãä»ãã
ãæ±è€ãå°æ ãäžçŽæŠå£«ã®åºèº«ã§ãã£ããããããé è³ãæã£ãŠããŠãå¹æ«ç¶æ°ã®æ··ä¹±æã«ãæ±è€ã¯æ°æ¿åºã®ãå°æ ã¯å¹åºã®éè£ãšããŠæŽ»èºãããããããããããã2人ãšãããè
¹èžãããå¿åºŠããã§ããªãçŽæ
åã®äººç©ã§ãã£ãããã§ãåšå²ããããšãŸããŠæ²æšãªææãéããã®ã ã£ãã
ãåè¿°ã®æ¬é£èŒèšäºã«ãããŠçè
ã¯å°æ ã«ã€ããŠãADHDïŒæ³šææ¬ åŠå€åæ§é害ïŒã®ç¹æ§ããã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšè¿°ã¹ãã確å®çãªèšŒæ ã¯ãªãããæ°å¹³ãåæ§ã®ç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããã®ãããããªãã
ãæ°å¹³ãšããæ¿æµã§ãã£ã倧ä¹
ä¿ãšã身è¿ã«æ¥ããŠãã倧ééä¿¡ã¯ãæ°å¹³ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãæ±è€åãæåŸã®å€±æãæ¹ãèµ·ãããã®ã¯ã決ããŠå¶ç¶ã§ã¯ãªããç¡è«ãçŽæ¥ã®åå ã¯åŸéè«ã§ãããããããªããããããŸã§ã«è³ãã®å¢ãã¯ãäœã§ããããšèšãã°ãæ±è€åãåœå®¶ã®çµç¹ããæ ¹æ¬çã«ãæãäžçã®ææã«é²ãã ãšããã®ãã®ãæ¡çšããŠæ¹é©ãããšãããããã«å¯Ÿããè¡çªããéã«ãæ€æã®æ¥µã¿ãé倱ãæããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãæã茩ã¯ãããçã£ãŠãããïŒæ±è€å¬éãåçœæ±è€æ°å¹³å®äŒãäœè³æ°è瀟ïŒã
ïŒæïŒå²©æ³¢ æïŒç²Ÿç¥ç§å»ïŒ
â岩波 æïŒãããªã¿ã»ãããïŒ
1959幎ãç¥å¥å·ççãŸãã粟ç¥ç§å»ãæ±äº¬å€§åŠå»åŠéšåãéœç«æŸæ²¢ç
é¢ãªã©ã§ç²Ÿç¥ç§ã®èšºçã«åœãããçŸåšãæå倧åŠå»åŠéšç²Ÿç¥å»åŠè¬åº§ææã«ããŠãæå倧åŠéå±çå±±ç
é¢ã®é¢é·ãå
Œåãè¿èã«ãã粟ç¥éå®ã¯ãªãééããã®ãïŒïœåèãæåã»å¹³æã®å¶æªç¯çœªïœãïŒå
æ瀟æ°æžïŒããå»è
ã芪ãæ°ã¥ããªã 女åã®çºéé害ãïŒéæ¥æ°æžã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ïŒãå
±èã«ãããšãªã®çºéé害 蚺æã»æ²»çã»æ¯æŽã®æåç·ãïŒå
æ瀟æ°æžïŒãªã©ãããã粟ç¥ç§å»çã«ãããçŸå Žã®å®æ
ãåé¡ç¹ãçºä¿¡ãç¶ããŠããã